Ruochen Zhang

See all my works at the bottom of the page.

My research started with me getting frustrated that Siri couldn’t read the code-switched messages my friends sent me. It led me down to this rabbit hole of wondering,

I’ve been exploring these questions through evaluation and interpretability techniques. You can find some of these works below.

Along the way, I’ve found even more questions I’m curious about and hope to work on:

I wouldn’t have nearly as many interesting things to think about without the collaborators and friends I’ve met along the way. Big shoutout to all of them!

If these also interest you and want to chat more, hmu!

Papers

[1]

Where's Waldo? Query-language Preference under Cross-lingual Knowledge Disparities

Dayeon Ki, Ruochen Zhang, Silviu Cucerzan, Ryen W. White, Ning Gao

arXiv 2026 · paper

[3]

Anthropogenic Regional Adaptation in Multimodal Vision-Language Model

Samuel Cahyawijaya, Peerat Limkonchotiwat, Tack Hwa Wong, ..., Ruochen Zhang, ..., Ming Shan Hee

AACL 2026 Findings · paper

[4]

Can Large Language Models Understand, Reason About, and Generate Code-Switched Text?

Genta Indra Winata, David Anugraha, Patrick Amadeus Irawan, Anirban Das, Haneul Yoo, Paresh Dashore, Shreyas Kulkarni, Ruochen Zhang, ..., Emmanuele Chersoni

arXiv 2026 · paper

[5]

APP: Accelerated Path Patching with Task-Specific Pruning

Frauke Andersen, William Rudman, Ruochen Zhang, Carsten Eickhoff

arXiv 2025 · paper

[6]

Datasheets Aren't Enough: DataRubrics for Automated Quality Metrics and Accountability

Genta Indra Winata, David Anugraha, Emmy Liu, Alham Fikri Aji, ..., Patrick Amadeus Irawan, Ruochen Zhang, ..., Monojit Choudhury

arXiv 2025 · paper

[7]

Paths Not Taken: Understanding and Mending the Multilingual Factual Recall Pipeline

Meng Lu*, Ruochen Zhang*, Carsten Eickhoff, Ellie Pavlick

EMNLP 2025 Main · paper

[8]

Crosslingual Reasoning through Test-Time Scaling

Zheng-Xin Yong*, Muhammad Farid Adilazuarda*, Jonibek Mansurov*, Ruochen Zhang*, Niklas Muennighoff, Carsten Eickhoff, Genta Indra Winata, Julia Kreutzer, Stephen H. Bach, Alham Fikri Aji

arXiv 2025 · paper

[9]

Beyond Contrastive Learning: Synthetic Data Enables List-wise Training with Multiple Levels of Relevance

Reza Esfandiarpoor*, George Zerveas*, Ruochen Zhang, Macton Mgonzo, Carsten Eickhoff, Stephen H. Bach

EMNLP 2025 Findings · paper

[10]

Crowdsource, Crawl, or Generate? Creating SEA-VL, a Multicultural Vision-Language Dataset for Southeast Asia

Samuel Cahyawijaya, Holy Lovenia, Joel Ruben Antony Moniz, Tack Hwa Wong, ..., Onno P. Kampman, Ruochen Zhang, Börje F. Karlsson, Peerat Limkonchotiwat

ACL 2025 Main · paper

[11]

TextGames: Learning to Self-Play Text-Based Puzzle Games via Language Model Reasoning

Frederikus Hudi, Genta Indra Winata, Ruochen Zhang, Alham Fikri Aji

arXiv 2025 · paper

[12]

Re-Evaluating Evaluation for Multilingual Summarization

Jessica Zosa Forde*, Ruochen Zhang*, Lintang Sutawika, Alham Fikri Aji, Samuel Cahyawijaya, Genta Indra Winata, Minghao Wu, Carsten Eickhoff, Stella Biderman, Ellie Pavlick

EMNLP 2024 Main · paper

[13]

Thank You, Stingray: Multilingual Large Language Models Can Not (Yet) Disambiguate Cross-Lingual Word Senses

Samuel Cahyawijaya*, Ruochen Zhang*, Jan Christian Blaise Cruz*, Holy Lovenia*, Elisa Gilbert, Hiroki Nomoto*, Alham Fikri Aji*

NAACL 2025 Findings · paper

[14]

The Same But Different: Structural Similarities and Differences in Multilingual Language Modeling

Ruochen Zhang*, Qinan Yu*, Matianyu Zang, Carsten Eickhoff, Ellie Pavlick

ICLR 2025 · paper

[15]

SEACrowd: A Multilingual Multimodal Data Hub and Benchmark Suite for Southeast Asian Languages

Holy Lovenia, Rahmad Mahendra, ..., Ruochen Zhang, Fajri Koto, Zheng-Xin Yong, Samuel Cahyawijaya

EMNLP 2024 Main · paper

[16]

MINERS: Multilingual Language Models as Semantic Retrievers

Genta Indra Winata, Ruochen Zhang, David Ifeoluwa Adelani

EMNLP 2024 Findings · paper

[17]

CVQA: Culturally-diverse Multilingual Visual Question Answering Benchmark

David Romero, Chenyang Lyu, Haryo Akbarianto Wibowo, ..., Ruochen Zhang, ..., Rada Mihalcea, Thamar Solorio, Alham Fikri Aji

NeurIPS 2024 · paper · site

[18]

Current Status of NLP in South East Asia with Insights from Multilingualism and Language Diversity

Alham Fikri Aji, Jessica Zosa Forde, Alyssa Marie Loo, Lintang Sutawika, Skyler Wang, Genta Indra Winata, Zheng-Xin Yong, Ruochen Zhang, A. Seza Doğruöz, Yin Lin Tan, Jan Christian Blaise Cruz

IJCNLP-AACL 2023 Tutorial · paper

[19]

Multilingual Large Language Models Are Not (Yet) Code-Switchers

Ruochen Zhang*, Samuel Cahyawijaya*, Jan Christian Blaise Cruz*, Genta Indra Winata*, Alham Fikri Aji*

EMNLP 2023 Main · paper

[20]

Prompting Multilingual Large Language Models to Generate Code-Mixed Texts: The Case of South East Asian Languages

Zheng-Xin Yong, Ruochen Zhang, Jessica Zosa Forde, Skyler Wang, Arjun Subramonian, Holy Lovenia, Samuel Cahyawijaya, Genta Indra Winata, Lintang Sutawika, Jan Christian Blaise Cruz, Yin Lin Tan, Long Phan, Rowena Garcia, Thamar Solorio and Alham Fikri Aji

CALCS 2023 · paper

[21]

CroCoSum: A Benchmark Dataset for Cross-Lingual Code-Switched Summarization

Ruochen Zhang and Carsten Eickhoff

LREC-COLING 2024 · paper

[22]

BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

BigScience Workshop: Teven Le Scao, Angela Fan, Christopher Akiki, Ellie Pavlick, ..., Ruochen Zhang, ..., Thomas Wolf

arXiv 2022 · paper

[23]

SOCCER: An Information-Sparse Discourse State Tracking Collection in the Sports Commentary Domain

Ruochen Zhang and Carsten Eickhoff

NAACL 2021 · paper

[24]

LayoutParser: A Unified Toolkit for Deep Learning Based Document Image Analysis

Zejiang Shen, Ruochen Zhang, Melissa Dell, Benjamin Charles Germain Lee, Jacob Carlson and Weining Li

ICDAR 2021, Springer · paper · site

[25]

Brown University at TREC Deep Learning 2019

George Zerveas, Ruochen Zhang, Leila Kim and Carsten Eickhoff

TREC 2019 · paper

[26]

An inexact l2-norm penalty method for cardinality constrained portfolio optimization

Tao Jiang, Shuo Wang, Ruochen Zhang, Lang Qin, Jinglian Wu, Delin Wang and Selin D. Ahipasaoglu

The Engineering Economist 64 (2019): 289 - 297, Taylor & Francis · paper

* equal contribution